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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Sannō Shinkō |
The cult that began at Hiyoshi Taisha (Hiesha) at the foot of Mount Hiei. Originally, Sannō was the "mountain kami " ( yama no kami ) of Mount Hiei, but came to be worshipped as the protective kami of the Tendai (Chi. T'ient'ai) sect and of the temple Enryakuji. After the mid-H... |
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| 2 |
Sendatsu |
Originally this indicated advanced practitioners of various studies, arts and crafts, and ascetic practices; however, from the end of the Heian period it came to indicate religious practitioners who acted as guides, leading believers to holy mountains and shrines and temples. A... |
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| 3 |
Senzo saishi |
The celebration of family forebears. Typically centers on one's parents and the generations preceding them, but there are also observances of honor and gratitude for a founding ancestor. Special veneration was shown particularly in the court aristocracy and the warrior class, a... |
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| 4 |
Shōzui |
Shōzui , also called zuishō , is an "auspicious omen." Throughout the world in both past and present, people have shared the belief that the appearance of a rare natural phenomenon—such as an animal, plant, meteorological event, or astronomical event—is an omen indicat... |
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| 5 |
Sumiyoshi Shinkō |
The faith related to the shrine Sumiyoshi Jinja, which includes guardianship over safe sea travel, waka poetry, agriculture, and fishing. The Nihonshoki records that "Sokodsutsunoo no mikoto, Nakadsutsunoo no mikoto, and Uwadsutsunoo no mikoto are Sumiyoshi no ōkami&qu... |
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| 6 |
Suwa Shinkō |
The faith related to Suwa Jinja which spread throughout Japan, but centers on the shrines of Suwa Taisha, which straddle Lake Suwa in Nagano Prefecture. Suwa shrines are home to cults devoted to the kami of wind-and-water ( fūsuishin ), the kami of battle ( gunshin ), the kami of blacks... |
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| 7 |
Sōdai |
The name referring to someone who represents other believers. It is used throughout religion, but as it concerns Shinto it is a person other than a priest ( shinshoku ) who plays the role of a sponsor or a representative and who comes from among the ujiko (shrine parishioners) or sūkeis... |
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| 8 |
Sūkeikai |
"A shrine organization comprising parishoners ( ujiko ) and devotees from outside the parish ( sūkeisha ) that is put together to help maintain and build the shrine and perform edification ( kyōka , see Shintō Edification ) work. There are similar organizations known as hōsank... |
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| 9 |
Tateyama Shinkō |
Beliefs and practices surrounding Tateyama, the composite name given to a series of peaks found in Toyama Prefecture, the highest of which is Ōnanjiyama (3015 m.). Along with Hakusan it was an important Shugendō site and sacred mountain in the central western coastal region. The ma... |
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| 10 |
Tendō shinkō |
Religious thought and practice focused on the deity Hinokami (see Amaterasu) and Hinokami's child, Tendō Hōshi, transmitted within the folk traditions of the Tsushima Islands (a five-island archipelago) in a form that also subsumed belief in agricultural and ancestral spirits ... |
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| 11 |
Tenjin Shinkō |
The worship of Sugawara Michizane (845-903) as Tenma Tenjin . The use of the term " tenjin " however, predates the ninth century. In ancient China the expression "heavenly deities and earthly deities" ( Tenjin chigi " 天神地祇) existed and subsequently in Ja... |
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| 12 |
Toshiura |
Collective term for the various methods used to divine the fortune of a single year. Divinations regard matters of concern to an entire community such as the growth of crops, harvest, and weather; or private concerns such as the fortune of a single family or individual. In addition to ... |
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| 13 |
Tsukimono |
A spirit which attaches itself to a human being, usually an evil spirit that causes disasters. The attachment of a tsukimono to a person is a form of possession. However, it is not a spontaneous and intentional possession in which one is in control, as in the case of a spiritual medium. R... |
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| 14 |
Tōya |
At times of shrine festivals or kō events, this term refers to the people who take care of those rituals and events, or it refers to their families. Sometimes just " tō " is used as designation, and in many cases it is written 当屋 (not 頭屋). Tō refers to the supervisor or caretaker ... |
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| 15 |
Ujiko |
Generally, a group from the land surrounding the areas dedicated to the belief in and worship of one shrine; or, the constituents of that group. Because that shrine's kami is called the ujigami , the corresponding term ujiko is used. There is another term for ujiko , sūkeisha , but ofte... |
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| 16 |
Yakudoshi |
An "age of calamity" at which a person is liable to suffer misfortune or illness, generally referring to the ages of 25 and 42 for men or of 19 and 33 for women. In particular, the ages of 42 for men and 33 for women are called "major calamity" ( taiyaku ), with the prec... |
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| 17 |
Yoshino, Kumano Shinko |
Beliefs and practices associated with the Ōmine mountains, stretching from Yoshino (Nara Prefecture) to Kumano, in the central part of the Kii Peninsula (Wakayama Prefecture). This area is the birthplace of Shugendō and its most important site. Yoshino was venerated from ancien... |
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| 18 |
Yudate |
In this ritual, water is boiled in a large pot placed before the altar, then a "female shaman" ( miko ) or other religious functionary soaks bamboo grass ( sasa ) leaves in the boiling water and sprinkles it on his or her body or on the other people present. In ancient times, the ... |
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| 19 |
§Shamei Bunpu (Shrine Names and Distributions) |
Certain shrines are worshipped throughout the country while others are distributed exclusively in certain regions. Okada Yoneo's 1976 quantitative analysis of well-known shrines and their bunsha (emanation or branch shrines) in Zenkoku chomei jinja annaiki clearly indi... |
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| 20 |
Ōyama Shinkō |
Beliefs and practices associated with Mt Ōyama (1246 m.), in the eastern part of the Tanzawa range in Kanagawa Prefecture. Regarded as sacred since ancient times, it is also called Afurisan (Mt. Rainfall), because of the rain clouds that form around its peak, providing those who far... |
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