Encyclopedia of Shinto

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  • カテゴリー1:
  • 3. Institutions and Administrative Practices
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1 Ritsuryō Jingikan The Jingikan was the ritsuryō office in charge of the administration of kami worship. It was one of the ritsuryō government's two councils and eight ministries. The general responsibilities of the Jingikan included the performance of rites for the tenjin chigi ("celestial a...
2 Ryōbo Burial mounds and tombs of the imperial family. Current law distinguishes the ryō (mausolea) and the bo (tombs). The former denotes the burial place of an emperor, his consort, mother (empress dowager) and grandmother, while the latter denotes the burial site of other imperial fam...
3 Saigū The saigū was an unmarried royal princess who served at the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū). She was also called the Ise no saiō , sainaishinnō , and itsuki no miya , terms that denote an abstinent or consecrated princess. The term saigū originally referred to the Saiōgū , which was the d...
4 Saiin The saiin was an unmarried royal princess who served at the Kamo Shrines in Kyoto. She was also called Kamo no saiō and itsuki no miya , both which denote a consecrated princess of Kamo. The term saiin originally referred to the residence of a Kamo princess, but it also came to mean the pri...
5 Saishu A profession established by the court for the performance of ritual at Ise Jingū (the Grand Shrines of Ise). This position only existed at Ise and was hereditarily filled by the Nakatomi family. In later years it was also called jingū kanchō or sōkan . It is not, however, listed in the Sh...
6 Shajikyoku (Bureau for Shrines and Temples) A bureau within the Home Ministry between 1877 and 1900. October 11, 1877 saw the abolition of the Ministry of Religious Education (Kyōbushō), which until then had overseen the administration of Shinto and Buddhism. On the nineteenth day of that month, the new Bureau for Shrines and ...
7 Shake A family filling the priestly ( shinshoku ) position at a particular shrine from generation to generation, also called shashika . In ancient times shrines did not usually have professional priests, but as professional priests emerged, their positions began to be passed down in par...
8 Shake bugyō Within the Muromachi shogunate, shake bugyō was the name of the magistrate office in charge of lawsuits and other issues concerning shrines and shake (which are hereditary families of Shinto priests, also known as shashike ). The term also referred to the magistrate who filled that ...
9 Shasō A general term for Buddhist priests who perform Buddhist rites at shrines or jingūji . Other terms are kusō , gusō , and shinsō , but up to the Edo period, shasō was the most prevalent term. Following Buddhism's introduction to Japan, mid-to-late Nara period Japan witnessed a burgeoni...
10 Shikibushoku (the Board of Ceremonies) The Board of Ceremonies was created and attached to the Kunaishō (Imperial Household Ministry) in 1884, replacing the original Board of Ceremonies. The original Board was established in 1871 and was responsible for rites and rituals held in the Imperial P...
11 Shikinaisha Shrines listed in the Register of Deities ( Jinmyōchō ) of Engishiki ( Procedures of the Engi Era ), which was promulgated in 967. In the ancient period, the Jingikan (Council of State) compiled a list of official shrines. This list is commonly called Kanshachō  (Register of Official ...
12 Shin'i, Shinkai #N/A
13 Shinbutsu Bunri The separation of Shinto and Buddhism. A series of administrative measures implemented by the Meiji government, designed to prohibit the shinbutsu shūgō (the systemic combination of kami and buddhas, shrines and temples, and their priesthoods) system that had its roots in the Na...
14 Shingun A specific type of gun (district), one of the provincial administrative units under the ancient Ritsuryō system of laws and codes that provided services to a shrine. In the eighth century eight such districts were established. Watarai-gun and Take-gun in Ise Province served the Gr...
15 Shinkan Widely used synonymously with shinshoku . In the broad sense, the term shinkan denotes one kind of shrine priest. In the strict sense, however, shinkan and shinshoku are different. Until the Edo period the term was limited to those having qualifications from the Yoshida house, but w...
16 Shinryō Land owned by a shrine. The term is especially used to refer to land providing a shrine's economic support from the medieval through the early modern period. Shinryō can be divided into the sub-categories of sharyō shōen , mikuriya , and shuinchi . As private land ownership of shōen (e...
17 Shinshoku Personnel involved in the ritual activities and the maintenance of shrines. Historically, shinshoku was a comprehensive term for kuni no miyatsuko (provincial governor-ritualist), gūji (chief priest), negi (suppliant priest), hafuri (ritualist), and so forth (i.e., all tho...
18 Shintō Jimukyoku The Shintō institute for proselytization and doctrinal research comprised of kyōdōshoku (preceptors — Shinto priests recruited to the taikyō senpu , or Great Promulgation Campaign) and established in March 1875 in the Yūrakuchō district of Tokyo. In 1872, the Meiji government c...
19 Shintō Shirei (The Shinto Directive) A directive issued to the Japanese government by GHQ on December 15, 1945, the full title of which was "Regarding the abolition of government protection, support, supervision and proliferation of State Shintō or Shrine Shintō." It was informed by the Potsdam Declarati...
20 Shintōkata A post within the jurisdiction of the Magistrate of Temples and Shrines ( jisha bugyō ) during the time of the Tokugawa shogunate. A shintōkata had jurisdiction over matters related to Shintō. In the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate strove to extend control over shrines nationwid...