Encyclopedia of Shinto

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カテゴリー1： 8. Schools, Groups, and Personalities
カテゴリー2： Personalities
Title
Tanigawa Kotosuga
Text (179-76)
A scholar of National Learning (kokugaku) in the mid-Edo period. Tanigawa's style name was Kōsuke, his formal name was Noboru, and he had the common name of Yōjun. He used numerous epistolary names (gō) including Tansai and others. He was born in 1709 as the eldest son of a physician in a family with the house name Kōtokudō in Ano District (now Tsu City), Ise Province (present-day Mie Prefecture). He went to Kyoto to study medicine, and became a disciple of Matsuoka Gentatsu (1668-1746), Matsuoka Yūen (1701-83), and Tamaki Masahide (1670-1736). He was licensed as a Shintoist in the Suika Shintō lineage in 1732. He also studied Man'yōshū under Higuchi Munetake, a disciple of the kokugaku scholar Imai Jikan (1657-1723).
Upon returning home, Tanigawa opened the Tanigawajuku academy, and taught there while practicing medicine. He collated the texts of Nihon shoki and completed the manuscript of the thirty-five volume Nihon shoki tsūshō in 1751. Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801) was much impressed by Tanigawa's Wago tsūon, the appendix to the first volume, and praised the depth of his learning. Thereafter the two scholars shared each other's scholarly endeavors; Motoori showed Tanigawa the manuscript of his Kojikiden, and Tanigawa in turn presented the manuscript of Wakun no shiori. Completed in 1775, it consists of ninety-three volumes and represents the earliest Japanese language dictionary. Tanigawa died on the tenth day of the tenth month of 1776, at the age of sixty-eight. Posthumous serial publication of the volumes of Wakun no shiori was taken over by his descendants and was completed in 1887. Other writings include Magatamakō and Ogakuzu banashi.

—Yazaki Hiroyuki

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