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| 1 |
1. Ancient Shinto (1) | 古代の神道（１） |
Because Shinto is regarded as a natural or ethnic religion, its origins cannot be clearly specified. Rather, it must be considered a religion that was nurtured over a long history. Kami worship ( jingi saishi ) or shrine Shinto became systematized in a variety of aspects in or just bef... |
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| 2 |
1. Ancient Shinto (2) | 古代の神道（２） |
— Kami Rites under the Ritsuryō System — With the establishment of the Ritsuryō system of legal codes from the latter half of the seventh century, Shinto ritual gradually became systematized. The two main pillars of the establishment of the new nation were the Ritsuryō codes and the c... |
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| 3 |
1. History (Antiquity) Research | 歴史学的研究（古代） |
— Empirical Research — If we adhere to the broad definition, Shintō is a religious practice or a life style and doctrine that is based in the indigenous concept of the kami . Due to the fact that the ancient Japanese ordered many aspects of their lives according to Shintō, t... |
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| 4 |
2. History (Middle Ages) Research | 歴史学的研究（中世） |
We encounter very difficult problems related to the history of medieval Shintō when we try to comprehend the Middle Ages as a time of jinbutsu shūgō (the fusion of kami and Buddha). The problem is whether it is possible to discuss Shintō history in opposition to the history of Buddhism ... |
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| 5 |
2. Medieval Shinto | 中世の神道 |
When compared with the ancient period, the history of Shinto in the medieval period underwent a variety of changes. It is possible to identify the origins of medieval Shinto thought and institutions as far back as the mid-Heian period, with the result that for purposes of explanatio... |
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| 6 |
3. History (Early Modern) Research | 歴史学的研究（近世） |
Historical studies of early modern Shinto have been undertaken from the perspectives of political history, socio-economic history, intellectual history, and the history of the ordinary people ( minshūshi ). Concretely this has meant a focus on four areas: (1) the policies of the ... |
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| 7 |
3. Shinto in the Early Modern Period (1) | 近世の神道（１） |
When considering the history of Shintō in Japan's early modern period, one needs to understand the stance the bakufu adopted toward shrines and the numerous new trends that produced. The Tokugawa bakufu established its mastery over temples and shrines while adopting a basica... |
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| 8 |
3. Shinto in the Early Modern Period (2) | 近世の神道（２） |
— From Buddhistic Shintō to Confucian Shintō — One of the most conspicuous features of early modern Shintō is the shift from the prominence of Ryōbu Shintō, Sannō Shintō, and other related philosophies based on the combination of buddhas and kami (see shinbutsu shūgō and bukka Shint... |
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| 9 |
4. History (Modern) Research | 歴史学的研究（近代） |
The history of civilization and Shintō The "history of civilization" ( bunmei shigaku ) that was introduced to Japan in the early Meiji Era assumed a historical progression from a state of primitivity to one of civilization. Evident at the most fundamental level in the de... |
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| 10 |
4. Modern and Contemporary Shinto | 近現代の神道 |
— Two Transformations — Shintō experienced enormous changes entering the modern period. We can broadly sort out these changes into two categories. The first may be best understood as emerging from the slipstream of political change, while the second developed out of ... |
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| 11 |
A Brief Chronological Table of Shinto History | 神道史年表 |
A Brief Chronological Table of Shinto History. This table is beta version (as of 2013.5.15), and still is under development. |
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| 12 |
A Kami by any other Name | 多くの名前をもつ神 |
It is widely known that Shinto is counted among the world's polytheistic religions, but each Shinto kami also bears multiple names, making their stories harder to untangle. Originally, in the Kojiki and Nihongi , the ways of referring to the same kami often differed. While in th... |
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| 13 |
A Shinto Patriarch's Confrontation with Saint Nikolai Kasatkin | ニコライと会見した神道家 |
The promotion of the organization of Shinto into sects ( kyōha Shinto ) during the Meiji period was in part a measure taken against the rising influence of Christianity. With the ongoing influx of missionaries into Japan after the fall of the Bakufu government, and with the increasin... |
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| 14 |
A comparison of Kami names in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki | 記紀神名対照表 |
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| 15 |
Abe no Seimei | 安倍清明 |
(921-15) Mid-Heian-period master of on'myōdō and founder of the Tsuchimikado clan. Generally believed to have been born in the province of Sanuki (present-day Kagawa Prefecture), and purported to have been the descendant of Abe no Kurahashimaro, Minister of the Left. Taught by ... |
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| 16 |
Agata matsuri | 県祭 |
The main annual festival ( reisai ) of Agata Shrine, in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture held around June 5 (originally, the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar). The festival begins on the fifth with the offering of a sacred meal to the kami . At about 1 a.m. on the night of the sixt... |
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| 17 |
Ageuma shinji | 上げ馬神事 |
"Sacred horse rite". Performed at the Tado Shrine on May 4 and 5 at Tado Jinja in Tado-chō, Kuwana-gun, Mie prefecture, the rite takes its name from the tradition of having horses run up the steep slope along the stone stairway leading to the shrine. Six of the seven particip... |
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| 18 |
Aidono | 相殿 |
A structure enshrining multiple kami in addition to the principal object of worship ( shushin ). In some cases, the term aidono is used even when all jointly enshrined kami are considered principal objects of worship. Ｋami enshrined in an aidono are called aidono no kami (jointly en... |
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| 19 |
Aikokushin | 愛国心 |
A compound word that refers to having attachment to one's nation and perceiving one's destiny as identical to that of the nation. The word has taken root as a translation of the word "patriotism." The original meaning of the term is a simple and peaceful love for, or attachm... |
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| 20 |
Ainame-sai | 相嘗祭 |
Also called Ainie no matsuri or Ainbe no matsuri . In ancient times, this festival was held at select shrines several days prior to the niinamesai festival to celebrate the new harvest. The first documentary mention of the term occurs in Nihonshoki under the entry for the third day of t... |
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