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| 1 |
Ontakekyō |
One of the thirteen sects of Shinto in the prewar period. Centered on the cultic faith in Mount Ontake ( ontake shinkō ), it was organized as a religious sect in response to the religious policies of the early Meiji government. Emerging from the confraternity ( kōsha ) style of early mod... |
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| 2 |
Orikuchi Shinobu |
(1887-1953) Scholar of folklore, Japanese literature and Shinto. As a poet, he wrote under the name Shaku Chōkū. Born February 11, 1887, to a merchant family in Kizumura Village, Nishinari District, Osaka, Orikuchi graduated in 1910 from Kokugakuin University. He worked for a whi... |
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| 3 |
Perfect Liberty Kyōdan (PL Kyōdan) |
Church of Perfect Liberty . A new religion of Shinto origin. The name is frequently abbreviated as merely "PL." Its roots go back to the group Hitonomichi Kyōdan and its founder Miki Tokuharu (1871-1938). Miki had practiced as a Zen monk since he was young. He quit the Buddh... |
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| 4 |
Reiha no Hikari Kyōkai |
A Shinto-derived new religious movement whose founder was Hase Yoshio (1915-84). Born in Tokyo, Hase was sent to China at the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war, but he was repatriated after falling ill. Although he received medical treatment his condition failed to improve, and he ... |
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| 5 |
Reisō Shintō |
A form of Buddhist Shintō (Bukka Shintō). This doctrine was created in the Edo period by Chōon Dō kai (1628-1695) and further developed by Jōin (1683-1739). The origin of the term reisō ("spiritual source") can be traced to a passage from the Sendai kuji hongi taiseikyō (h... |
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| 6 |
Renmonkyō |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Shimamura Mitsu (1831-1904). Shimamura was saved from serious illness by one Yanagida Ichibei, who had studied what he called the "marvelous law of things" ( myōhō no ji , an obvious reference to the "marvelous dharma (or 'l... |
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| 7 |
Renshindō Kyōdan |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Tanaka Jigohei (1886-1973). In 1905 Tanaka entered a special course at Jingū Kōgakkan, the Shinto university at Ise, and after graduating went to Tokyo where he studied Buddhism at Tōyō University's Indian Studies Department. While still ... |
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| 8 |
Ritō Shinchi Shintō |
Shintō doctrine established by the early Edo period Confucian scholar Hayashi Razan (1583-1657). Razan was the only Confucian scholar officially employed by the Tokugawa government. Later in his life he wrote several books on Shintō matters; in all of them he briefly deals with wh... |
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| 9 |
Ryōbu Shintō |
A general term referring to Shintō doctrines derived from Shingon esoteric Buddhism. These doctrines associate the Inner Shrine of Ise with Dainichi of the Womb Realm ( taizōkai ) and the Outer Shrine with Dainichi of the Vajra realm ( kongōkai ); in addition, these doctrines propos... |
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| 10 |
Saeki Ariyoshi |
(1867-1945) Historian from the Meiji to the Showa eras. Born in the ninth month of 1867 in Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture, to the priest Saeki Arihisa of the shrine Oyama Jinja in Toyama's Tateyama region. Ariyoshi moved to Tokyo in 1882 and graduated from the Research Inst... |
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| 11 |
Samuhara Jinja |
A Shinto-derived new religious movement which began in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868-1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama. After he had experienced a close brush with death on the frontline during the Russo-Japanese War, Tanaka felt he had received power from a talis... |
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| 12 |
Sannō Shintō |
A branch of Shinto that took shape in the Tendai sect, based on the cult of the Mountain King ( Sannō ) at the Hiyoshi Taisha (alt., Hie Taisha), tutelary shrine ( chinjusha ) for the temple Enryakuji. Its early modern doctrines that concern the shrine Tōshōgū are specially distinguish... |
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| 13 |
Sano Tsunehiko |
(1834-196) Founder of the Shinto sect Shinrikyō. Born as the eldest son of Sano Tsunekatsu on the sixteenth day of the second month of 1834 in the town of Tokuriki in Buzen Province's Kiku District (present-day Kitakyūshū City, Fukuoka Prefecture). He studied National Learning ( ko... |
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| 14 |
Satō Nobuhiro |
(1769-185) Scholar of economics in the late Edo period. His style was Genkai, his common name was Momosuke, and he used numerous epistolary names, including Chinen, Shōan and Yūsai. Born in 1769 as the eldest son of Satō Nobutaka, a physician in Okachi District, Dewa Province (an are... |
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| 15 |
Sawatari Hiromori |
(1811-1884) Shinto priest and scholar of National Learning ( kokugaku ) in the late Edo and early Meiji periods. Son of Sawatari Moriaki, a Shinto priest ( kannushi ) at the shrine Rokusho no Miya (presently Ōkunitama Jinja) in Fuchū, Musashi Province (present-day Fuchū City, Tokyo... |
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| 16 |
Seichō no Ie |
A Shinto-derived new religion with connections to Ōmoto. Its founder Taniguchi Masaharu (1893-1985) joined Ōmoto in 1918 and worked as an editor for its newsletter Shinreikai, but in the aftermath of the first Ōmoto incident of 1925, he left the movement and joined Asano Wasaburō&... |
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| 17 |
Seikōkyō |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Fujita Nobuhiko (1889-1977). Fujita was born in Hiroshima as the eldest son of Fujita Shizukana and Fujita Toku; his mother was said to possess paranormal powers. Fujita became a member of Shinrikyō and in due course became head of that group... |
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| 18 |
Seimeikyō |
A new religion deriving from Sekai Kyūseikyō. In 1955 Kihara Yoshihiko, an Ōmoto devotee from the Sekai Kyūseikyō's branch church Kōtama Daikyōkai, dissolved this group's relationship with Kyūseikyō, declared the group's independence and set up a new religious organization na... |
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| 19 |
Seishin Myōjōkai |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Fujita Motonari (1903-85), who began to engage in independent religious activities in April 1946 after taking office as the head priest ( gūji ) of the In'yōseki Shrine in Fukuyama City in Hiroshima prefecture, One of Fujita's grandfathers ... |
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| 20 |
Sekai Kyūseikyō |
Church of World Messianity . A Shinto-derived new religion that emerged from the Ōmoto lineage. It was founded by Okada Mokichi, the second son of a street vender from the Asakusa district in Tokyo. Okada wanted to be an artist and enrolled in the preliminary courses of an art school, b... |
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