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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Kunaishō | 宮内省 |
(Imperial Household Ministry) Originally, the Kunaishō, which was in charge of all court affairs, was one of the eight agencies established under the ritsury ō system. With the dissolution of the ritsuryō system, however, the ministry gradually lost its actual power, and only ret... |
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| 2 |
Kuni no miyatsuko | 国造 |
An officer of provincial government in the ancient period. Among the surnames for the office Atai is most common, along with Omi, Kimi, or Muraji. Both Kojiki and Nihon shoki date the establishment of this office to the reign of Emperor Seimu, but this was probably a contrivance on the ... |
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| 3 |
Kyoto Kokugakuin | 京都国学院 |
A normal training institute for Shinto priests (see also Shrine Priest Training Institutes) authorized by the Jinja honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines) and operated by the Kyōto koten kōkyūsho Kyōto Kokugakuin, a registered educational charity. This is the oldest of the norm... |
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| 4 |
Kyūchū sanden | 宮中三殿 |
(Inner Sanctuary of the Imperial Palace) Kyūchū sanden (Inner Sanctuary) refers to the three Imperial Palace buildings located in the southeastern part of Fukiage Park (Fukiage Gyōen): the Kashikodokoro, the Kōreiden, and the Shinden. The Kashikodokoro houses the sacred mirro... |
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| 5 |
Kōgakkan University | 皇学館大学 |
A Shinto university established in response to the destruction of antiquities in the midst of the civilization and enlightenment ( bunmei kaika ) movement of the Meiji period. Its founding principle was the exposition of an ethics and a learning rooted in Japanese history, the prom... |
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| 6 |
Kōikeishō | 皇位継承 |
The imperial succession. Prior to the Taika era (645-650 CE) the process is unclear, but from the Ōjin era (270-310AD), agnatic succession (fraternal succession, not stem patrilineal succession) was dominant. According to current scholarship, the succession passed to the elde... |
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| 7 |
Kōshitsu Tenpan | 皇室典範 |
(Imperial House Code) The code of the Imperial household. Although not originally made public, the Imperial House Code was implemented in 1889 and modified in 1907 and 1918. The original code was presented in 1884-5 as part of the Imperial Rules. The rules were rewritten (now called ... |
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| 8 |
Magistrate of Temples and Shrines: Medieval (Jisha bugyō) | 寺社奉行 |
The term used to denote the administrative system of Buddhist temples and Shintō shrines — which existed from the Kamakura to Edo period — and those bureaucrats in the bakufu responsible for supervising them. During the medieval period, the term jisha bugyō was used as a collective d... |
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| 9 |
Magistrate of Temples and Shrines: Pre-modern (Jisha bugyō) | 寺社奉行 |
The position and Bakufu agency in charge of bureaucratic matters concerning shrines and temples. Under the Kamakura and Muromachi Bakufu magistrates — who were in charge of supervising temple and shrine repairs and prayers and ritual, and solving disputes — were created on an indi... |
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| 10 |
Miko | 巫女 |
A general term for a woman possessing the magico-religious power to receive oracles ( takusen ) from the kami in a state of spirit possession ( kamigakari ). Nowadays the term generally refers to a woman who assists shrine priests in ritual or clerical work. The word may be written with ... |
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| 11 |
Modern shrine ranking system | 近代社格制度 |
A system introduced by the Meiji government to rank shrines. After its founding, the Restoration government sought to gain control of all shrines in the land and to that end quickly instituted a shrine survey. On the fourteenth day of the fifth month in 1871 the Dajōkan (Council of Sta... |
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| 12 |
Mukakusha | 無格社 |
Unranked shrines. This is a category in the Meiji shrine ranking system of shrines entirely without rank. They do not even possess the rank of sonsha (village shrines). Among all shrines, these had the absolute lowest status. Shrines of this sort were also referred to as zassha , or &q... |
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| 13 |
Negi | 禰宜 |
One comprehensive term for shrine priests ( shinshoku ). In the ancient system, it was the position below kannushi . The origin of the word ( negu ) is related to the idea of comforting the hearts of the kami and praying for their protection; it indicates someone who petitions the kami in ... |
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| 14 |
Nijūnisha (The 22 Shrines) | 二十二社 |
Twenty-two shrines (Ise, Iwashimuzu, Kamo, Matsuno-o, Hirano, Inari, Kasuga, Ōharano, Ōmiwa, Isonokami, Ōyamato, Hirose, Tatta, Sumiyoshi, Hie, Umenomiya, Yoshida, Hirota, Gion, Kitano, Niukawakami, Kibune) that received special patronage from the imperial court beginn... |
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| 15 |
Nonomiya | 野宮 |
Literally, the "Palace in the Fields," the Nonomiya was where the saiō , the abstinent princess, stayed for one year before she went to serve the Deity of Ise as the saigū . After the accession ( sokui ) of a tennō , the newly selected princess (either the daughter, sister, or g... |
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| 16 |
Problems of religion and government | 政教問題 |
In Article Twenty-eight of the Meiji Constitution, religious freedom was recognized after a fashion, but the argument was that shrines were not religious institutions and shrines therefore held a special position. It was because of this that GHQ issued the Shinto Directive ( Shin... |
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| 17 |
Reiheishi | 例幣使 |
An envoy who was sent from the imperial court to the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) to present offerings ( hōbei ) on the occasion of the Kannamesai. Also referred as Ise reiheishi . A reiheishi was one type of imperial "messenger" ( hōbeishi ) who brought offerings to shrin... |
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| 18 |
Religious Corporations Law | 宗教法人法 |
(Shūkyō hōjin hō) The Religious Corporations Law was enacted on April 3 1951; it followed the Religious Organizations Law (Shūkyō Dantaihō) of 1939 and the Religious Corporations Ordinance (Shūkyō Hōjinrei) of 1945. The law was enacted with the purpose of giving corporate status ... |
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| 19 |
Religious Corporations Ordinance | 宗教法人令 |
(Shūkyō hōjin rei) An ordinance issued and implemented on December 28 1945 by means of Imperial Rescript 719; it set out rules relating to the creation and registration of religious corporations. It comprised eighteen articles and an appendix and was more simplified in content tha... |
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| 20 |
Religious Organizations Law | 宗教団体法 |
(Shūkyōdantaihō) The first systematized set of laws pertaining to religious groups. Promulgated on April 8 1939 as Law no.77, it was enacted on April 1 of the following year. The law comprised thirty seven articles, and together they spelt the end of state supervision and state cont... |
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