Encyclopedia of Shinto

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1 Inadanomiyanushisuganoyatsumimi [Inada no miyanushi suga no yatsumimi] (Kojiki) Other names: Inada no miyanushi susa no yatsumimi no kami( Nihongi ) "Master(s) of the Inada palace at Suga." After killing the serpent Yamata no orochi at Suga, Susanoo took as wife Kushinadahime, and gave the name Inada no ...
2 Inari Shinkō The cult connected to the kami Inari and Inari's retinue. In addition to its relationship to food or agriculture, Inari faith takes a variety of other forms including "estate kami" ( yashikigami ) and others. Inari faith is widespread and shrines devoted to Inari number m...
3 Inbe Shintō One lineage of Shinto. Transmitted by the Inbe clan and commonly held to have been advocated by Inbe Masamichi (n.d.). Claiming Futodama as its ancestral patriarch, the ancient Inbe clan is said to have been in charge of court rituals together with the Nakatomi clan. However, it is be...
4 Inbe no Hironari (n.d.) Court functionary of the early Heian period. Apart from being listed in the Nihon kōki as having been conferred the Lower Junior Fifth court rank on the seventeenth day of the eleventh month of 808, he is absent from the written record. He changed his family name to a variant on th...
5 Inbe no Masamichi (n.d.) Shintoist of the Muromachi period. Masamichi was likely from a branch of the Inbe clan in the Department of Divinities (Jingikan), though no detailed records of his life exist. Inbe is thought to be the author of the Jindai no maki kuketsu , dated to 1367 based on its foreword. On...
6 Index of Kami
7 Inoue Kowashi (1843-95) Bureaucrat and politician of the Meiji era, who used the epistolary name Goin. Born on the eighteenth day of the twelfth month of 1843 in the castle town of Kumamoto as the third son of Iida Gongobei, a vassal of the "Nagaoka Inspector" ( nagaoka kenmotsu , a high of...
8 Inoue Masakane (179-1849) Founder of Misogikyō. Born on the fourth day of the eighth month of 1790, Inoue was a samurai retainer of Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province (present-day Gunma Prefecture) and the second son of Andō Makane and wife Chiyoko. Inoue was adopted by relatives named Tomita o...
9 Inoue Yorikuni (1839-1914) Meiji-era scholar of National Learning ( kokugaku ) and Doctor of Literature (Lit.D.). Born on the eighteenth day of the second month of 1839 in Edo's Matsushita-chō, Kanda. His father served as physician to the aristocrat Yokose Sadaatsu. Displaying a high level of ma...
10 Introduction: Belief and Practice This portion will address various faiths that had shrines at their center but were broadly disseminated. This will include explanations of mountain beliefs that developed from the medieval to early modern period, kōshin and similar folk cults, varieties of invocations and divin...
11 Introduction: Concepts and Doctrines This section explains the basic concepts and terms of Shinto, and gives an overview of Shinto teachings, theology, and the main fields of modern Shinto research. Because Shinto is not a founded religion, it has nothing in the way of a founder's teaching or a divine revelation. The bas...
12 Introduction: Institutions and Administrative Practices This section offers explanations of terminology relating to Shintō shrine systems, institutions and administration. The main focus falls on shrine systems, their state foundations and other closely related institutions. An extremely general overview of the characteristic c...
13 Introduction: Jinja This section deals with terminology relating to the religious institution of the Shinto jinja , customarily translated as "shrine," including its architectural structures and other facilities, ritual implements, and clerical vestments. Permanent shrine facilit...
14 Introduction: Kami The term Shinto is commonly associated with the expression "eight million kami ," indicating the truly immense number of such kami found in the religion, and suggesting the obvious reason why Shinto is usually referred to as a "polytheistic" belief system. B...
15 Introduction: Rites and Festivals This chapter deals with terminology relating to Shintō matsuri (ritual ceremonies and festivals). The etymology of the word matsuri has been interpreted as deriving from the verb matsurau , which means to yield to, serve, or give submission to the might of a kami . To wit, the kami inc...
16 Introduction: Schools, Groups, and Personalities This chapter covers Shinto-related "branches," "schools," and sects, as well as important personalities related to Shinto. While Shinto is a naturally occurring ethnic religion, it came to be related to national institutions, and also developed deep con...
17 Introduction: Texts and Sources This part, divided into two sections, focuses on textual and bibliographic information about works important to the history of Shintō and to an understanding of Shintō thought. After an overview of the genre of "Shintō texts," the first section surveys the significanc...
18 Introduction: The History of Shinto This section presents an outline of the history of Shinto from ancient times until the contemporary period, including an explanation of other religions and philosophies that have influenced Shinto, namely, ancient Chinese thought, Buddhism, Onmyōdō, Confucianism, Shugendō, ...
19 Inu matsuri Dog festival. A festival of Sugio Jinja in Umamachi, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata prefecture, believed to have once involved human sacrifice. This festival is a ritualization of an oral tradition about a dog that subdued a badger which had been living in the mountain behind the village. ...
20 Inō Hidenori (185-77) Shintoist, poet and scholar of National Learning ( kokugaku ) in the late Edo and early Meiji periods. Also went by other names including Sanemon, Sanzō and Geki, and used the epistolary names Kōson and Baiu. Inō was born in 1805 in Sawara Village, Katori District, Shimousa P...