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| 1 |
Para-scientific, Psychical or Occult Research on Shinto |
An area of Shintō research which is not recognized as a scientific approach based on empiricism or rationality. There are numerous branches of this form of investigation, but they can be grouped in two representative categories. The first category (1) of these is associated with re... |
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| 2 |
Paying Respects at a Shinto Shrine |
Of course nobody goes around scolding others for not abiding by it, but there is a provisional "standard" manner of paying respects at Shinto shrines. As such, it is advisable for shrine-goers to familiarize themselves with the protocol as well as the significance of eac... |
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| 3 |
Perfect Liberty Kyōdan (PL Kyōdan) |
Church of Perfect Liberty . A new religion of Shinto origin. The name is frequently abbreviated as merely "PL." Its roots go back to the group Hitonomichi Kyōdan and its founder Miki Tokuharu (1871-1938). Miki had practiced as a Zen monk since he was young. He quit the Buddh... |
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| 4 |
Problems of religion and government |
In Article Twenty-eight of the Meiji Constitution, religious freedom was recognized after a fashion, but the argument was that shrines were not religious institutions and shrines therefore held a special position. It was because of this that GHQ issued the Shinto Directive ( Shin... |
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| 5 |
Raihōshin |
"Visiting kami ," a being which periodically visits a community from the other world to bring blessings. Beliefs in this type of kami are based on the ancient view of kami as transient beings that do not dwell permanently in a single place. With the establishment of permane... |
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| 6 |
Raijin |
"Thunder kami ." In ancient times, thunder and lightning were considered atmospheric expressions of the violent behavior of a thunder kami , and lightening striking earth was interpreted as the kami 's temporal manifestation. The term for thunder, kaminari can be ... |
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| 7 |
Raishi |
A rite held February 13 at Okafuto Shrine in Imadate Township, Imadate District, Fukui Prefecture. Raishi is a term for fire festival ( sagichō ). The name is said to derive from the fact that raishi can also be written as hōraishi , and fire festivals were also once known as the hōrai fes... |
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| 8 |
Rates of Women in the Shinto Clergy |
In the 1993 edition of the Japan Agency of Cultural Affairs' Shūkyō Nenkan (Year in Religion), the number of Shrine Shinto clergy ( shinshoku ) registered with the Association of Shinto Shrines ( Jinja honchō ) who were male was 18,714, nearly ten times the 1,825 registered females. C... |
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| 9 |
Reiha no Hikari Kyōkai |
A Shinto-derived new religious movement whose founder was Hase Yoshio (1915-84). Born in Tokyo, Hase was sent to China at the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war, but he was repatriated after falling ill. Although he received medical treatment his condition failed to improve, and he ... |
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| 10 |
Reiheishi |
An envoy who was sent from the imperial court to the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) to present offerings ( hōbei ) on the occasion of the Kannamesai. Also referred as Ise reiheishi . A reiheishi was one type of imperial "messenger" ( hōbeishi ) who brought offerings to shrin... |
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| 11 |
Reikai |
A term that expresses such things as the world of spirits, the afterworld, or the otherworld. The term is often used in contrast to the physical world or the world of reality. Since it has been used by some of the new religions, the term has entered common usage. Older terms for this other... |
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| 12 |
Reikiki |
One of the masterpieces of Ryōbu Shintō, this work contains fourteen volumes of text, and four volumes of figures and diagrams. Kūkai (the founder of the Shingon sect of Buddhism) is commonly believed to be the author, but it is also said that the text was conveyed by the dragon kami of S... |
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| 13 |
Reisai |
The annual ‘major festival' ( taisai ) of a shrine, held on a day related either to the enshrined deity or the origin of the shrine. The term reisai is relatively recent. In ancient times this festival was distinguished from other rites held throughout the year by using the honorific te... |
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| 14 |
Reisai, nensai |
One of the events performed in Shintō for the ancestral spirits ( soreisai ). This event is held a fixed number of years after the funeral to remember the spirit of the deceased and is equivalent to the Buddhist memorial service ( nenki hōyō ). In Shintō the nensai is usually performed in ... |
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| 15 |
Reishu taijū |
"The flesh subordinated to the spirit." A term taken from Ōmoto, a Shinto-derived New Religion. The first sense of this term expresses the principle that the creator deity ( sushin ) Ōmoto Sume Ō-Mikami's creation began with the spirit world and was completed with the cre... |
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| 16 |
Reisō Shintō |
A form of Buddhist Shintō (Bukka Shintō). This doctrine was created in the Edo period by Chōon Dō kai (1628-1695) and further developed by Jōin (1683-1739). The origin of the term reisō ("spiritual source") can be traced to a passage from the Sendai kuji hongi taiseikyō (h... |
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| 17 |
Religious Corporations Law |
(Shūkyō hōjin hō) The Religious Corporations Law was enacted on April 3 1951; it followed the Religious Organizations Law (Shūkyō Dantaihō) of 1939 and the Religious Corporations Ordinance (Shūkyō Hōjinrei) of 1945. The law was enacted with the purpose of giving corporate status ... |
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| 18 |
Religious Corporations Ordinance |
(Shūkyō hōjin rei) An ordinance issued and implemented on December 28 1945 by means of Imperial Rescript 719; it set out rules relating to the creation and registration of religious corporations. It comprised eighteen articles and an appendix and was more simplified in content tha... |
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| 19 |
Religious Organizations Law |
(Shūkyōdantaihō) The first systematized set of laws pertaining to religious groups. Promulgated on April 8 1939 as Law no.77, it was enacted on April 1 of the following year. The law comprised thirty seven articles, and together they spelt the end of state supervision and state cont... |
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| 20 |
Religious Research |
Religious studies of Shintō began in earnest after The Second World War, but before the war some pioneering work can already been seen. The representative of this is Katō Genchi, who in his books Historical Studies in the of Religious Development in Shintō ( Shintō no Shūkyō-hattats... |
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