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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Takama no hara |
Also pronounced as Takamagahara. It refers to the vast realm in the high heaven. It is the residence of kami presided over by Amaterasu. It constitutes one plain of a tripartite vertical "view of the cosmos" ( sekaikan ) in Shinto. Takama no hara is the upper world ( uwatsuku... |
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| 2 |
Tama |
A general term for spirit or soul in ancient times. In addition to human spirit, it also refers to spirit or spiritual force in nature. A human soul is considered a spiritual entity that comes from outside and dwells in the body, endowing the individual with energy and personality. The ... |
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| 3 |
Tamashizume, Tamafuri |
Tamashizume , or mitamashizume , means to pacify the spirit and settle it in the center of the body. Tamafuri , or mitamafuri , means to reinvigorate the withered soul by shaking a ritual object or, alternatively, the human body itself. It can also express the idea of "beckoning a ... |
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| 4 |
Tatari |
Originally a condition wherein a spirit caused a calamitous condition, or an evil effect or a supernatural force that worked within that condition to punish human beings for their transgressions, malice, or neglect of religious duties. Later, when goryō shinkō ("belief in m... |
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| 5 |
Tenjō mukyū |
This phrase means "everlasting like heaven and earth." It comes from part one, section one of the "Descent of the Heavenly Grandchild" ( tenson kōrin ) chapter in Nihongi . There, Amaterasu gives the following command to her grandchild, Ninigi. "This la... |
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| 6 |
Tenson kōrin |
Tenson kōrin refers to the mythic episode in which Amaterasu's grandchild, Ninigi, descended from Takama no hara to Takachiho Peak in Hyūga. The story is primarily recorded in Kiki ( Kojiki and Nihon shoki ), Fudoki , and Sendai kuji hongi , among other texts, although variants are nu... |
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| 7 |
Toga |
An error. A synonym of tsumi . Toga may be written in Chinese characters as 咎、科、過 and so on. The term appears in the liturgical address ( norito ) for Ōtonohogai (Palace Safety Liturgy) in Engishiki : "If there are errors and offences ( toga ayamachi ), let us correct them." Ni... |
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| 8 |
Tohokamiemitame |
This term is usually written using the Chinese characters 吐普加美依身多女(or 米 ). This expression consists of five signs that are inscribed on a deer bone or turtle shell during "turtle shell divination" ( kiboku ), a practice that goes back to ancient times. The phrase is also us... |
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| 9 |
Tokoyo |
A term denoting the "other world" (see View of the other world ) in folk religion and in Shinto. The locus of Tokoyo can vary: in a foreign land, under the sea, in heaven, under the ground, or in a place beyond the ocean. Various kami and spirits of ancestors are believed to live ... |
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| 10 |
Toyoashiharanomizuhonokuni |
An alternative name for the country of Nihon (Japan). It is a short form of "Toyoashihara no chiaki no nagaihoaki no mizuho no kuni" ( Kojiki ) or "Toyoashihara no chiihoaki no mizuho no kuni" ( Nihongi ), both of which mean "the land of luxuriant reed plains ... |
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| 11 |
Tsumi |
An action that violates social norms and order. Tsumi also connotes certain taboo naturally occurring hazards that are considered dangerous or impure. These consist of the heavenly sins and earthly sins" ( amatsutsumi , kunitsutsumi ) listed in Kojiki and Nihongi and in the L... |
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| 12 |
Ukehi |
Trial by pledge. Generally indicates the act of divination, determining the divine will regarding the positive or negative, auspicious or inauspicious nature, or the success or failure of an act. Ukehi points to uttering certain magical words to achieve a specific outcome, then d... |
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| 13 |
Ushihaku |
Ruling a territory as lord. Motoori Norinaga interpreted it as "possessing a certain place as one's own." In the section in Kojiki concerning the "transfer of the land" ( kuniyuzuri ), it says: "The Central Land of the Reed Plains (Ashihara no nakatsukun... |
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| 14 |
Utsushiyo |
Utsushiyo refers to this actual world, according to the Shinto worldview ( sekaikan ). It is the "unconcealed" or "apparent" realm in contrast to the "concealed" realm ( kakuriyo ). Nakatomi no yorigito (in Engishiki ) speaks of "adding the w... |
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| 15 |
Utsushiyo |
Also written as 顕世. Neither reading is found as such in the classical texts such as Nihongi and the Kojiki , but utsushiyo (顕世, that is, 現世) appears to have been used in the Nihongi as the world where "open matters" ( arawanigoto 顕事) are carried out, as opposed to the "con... |
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| 16 |
Yamato |
An alternate name for the country of Japan. Yamato is also written 日本, 山跡, 倭, and 夜麻登. Originally, this was the place name for the area around the present day city of Tenri in Nara Prefecture, but it later became the name for one of the five kingdoms of the Kinai region. (Yamato Province, a... |
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| 17 |
Yamato damashii |
Literally, "Japanese spirit."Alternately written 日本魂 or 大和魂. This term is often contrasted with "Chinese Learning" ( karasae ), that is, knowledge and scholarship imported to Japan from China. Yamato damashii refers to an inherent faculty of common-sens... |
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| 18 |
Yomi |
The underworld which appears in Kojiki and Nihon shoki . Also called Yomotsukuni. It is the world that Izanami went to after her death. The appearance and characteristics of this world are not always clearly defined. In Kojiki , the inside of the palace of the Yomigami ( kami of the unde... |
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| 19 |
Zen-aku |
The term can also be read as " yoshi-ashi ." It is a value-oriented pair of opposing words. The content of this oppositional pair of concepts is explained as referring to good or bad luck, right or wrong, pure or impure, beauty or ugliness, superiority or inferiority and sim... |
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| 20 |
meijōseichoku |
Literally, brightness, purity, sincerity and uprightness. In Shinto, this term is used to express the ideal state of one's heart. Meijōseichoku incorporates the ideas of a true heart, a sincere heart, an upright heart, and a readiness to serve the kami . When appearing in the imperi... |
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