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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Zaō Gongen |
The "Avatar Zaō," also known as Kongō Zaō Bosatsu ("Bodhisattva Zaō of the Diamond Realm"), a deity unique to Japan's Shugendō sect. Originally a tutelary of Buddhism, Shūkongōshin (Skt. Vajrapani) evolved successively into the Bodhisattva Kongō Zaō and t... |
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| 2 |
Zen-aku |
The term can also be read as " yoshi-ashi ." It is a value-oriented pair of opposing words. The content of this oppositional pair of concepts is explained as referring to good or bad luck, right or wrong, pure or impure, beauty or ugliness, superiority or inferiority and sim... |
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| 3 |
Zenrinkyō |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Rikihisa Tatsusai (1906-77). Rikihisa's father Tatsususaburō had been a spirit medium and head of a regional branch of Shintō Jikkōkyō, but after his death, his son Tatsusai vowed to undertake twenty years of practice to save all the suffer... |
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| 4 |
Zokushintōtaii |
(Hirata Atsutane) This is a work written by Hirata Atsutane in four volumes. It is also called Fugaku danbei . It is a record of lectures that concluded in 1811, and belongs to the group of works known as the " Taii mono " (things dealing with the great meaning), including Kodō ... |
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| 5 |
Zōkasanshin |
"Three kami of creation." According to Kojiki 's account of the formation of the world, the three kami which procreated first in the Plain of High Heaven (Takamanohara), namely, Amenominakanushi, Takamimusuhi, and Kamimusuhi. Each of these three came into being as a &q... |
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| 6 |
meijōseichoku |
Literally, brightness, purity, sincerity and uprightness. In Shinto, this term is used to express the ideal state of one's heart. Meijōseichoku incorporates the ideas of a true heart, a sincere heart, an upright heart, and a readiness to serve the kami . When appearing in the imperi... |
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| 7 |
§ Combinatory Kami |
[Shinbutsu Shūgō] Often translated " kami -buddha syncretism," shinbutsu shūgō refers to the complex phenomenon of "combinatory" interaction between Japanese beliefs in jingi or kami ("deities"), and the foreign, established religion of Bu... |
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| 8 |
§ Definitions and Typology |
A. Definitions Throughout history, numerous attempts have been made to define the term kami, since the early commentary Man'yōshū chūshaku ( Sengakushō ) by the Tendai priest Sengaku (1203-?) in the early Kamakura period and the Jindai no maki kuketsu by Inbe no Masamichi in the per... |
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| 9 |
§ History and Typology of Shrine Architecture |
History and Typology of Shrine Architecture Because shrine grounds or precincts ( keidai ) are considered sacred areas, a boundary of some kind is used to demarcate the shrine grounds from the secular world. The road or path approaching the shrine generally features one or more ritu... |
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| 10 |
§ Outline of institutions and systems of medieval and early modern period |
The medieval period was centered on the system, founded in the mid-Heian period, of offerings to the twenty-two shrines of the central imperial court ( nijūni-sha ), the operation of provincial shrines ( ichinomiya/sōja ) located throughout the country, and the observance of impe... |
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| 11 |
§ Policies and Institutions of the Classical Period |
The policies and institutions of Shintō were first established during the formation of the ritsuryō polity (a system of punitive and administrative legal codes based on the Tang Chinese model) in the latter half of the seventh century. The existence of Shintō systems and organizat... |
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| 12 |
§ Shinto-Derived Religions |
In the modern era Shinto-derived religious organizations can be broadly divided into two types, namely "sectarian Shinto" ( kyōha Shintō ) and "Shinto-derived new religions" ( Shintōkei shinshūkyō ). The term "sectarian Shinto" is widely us... |
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| 13 |
§ The History of Shrines |
Jinja (shrine) is the comprehensive term for buildings and facilities constructed for the worship of kami . Shrines may also be called yashiro , miya , mori , and hokora . Shrine Composition Shrines may include the following structures: honden or sanctuary where the kami are enshrin... |
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| 14 |
§ Tokushu shinji |
Observances with a special tradition among the rites performed at a particular shrine. Also referred to as "old-style/traditional festivals" ( koshikisai ). Unlike other contemporary shrine observances, they follow specific procedures and protocols and may have d... |
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| 15 |
§An Overview of Shintō Texts and of Trends in Research |
Since the early modern period, the mainstream of Shintō studies has consisted largely of the analysis and explication of relevant texts. Those texts purported to record the essence of Shintō are referred to as "Shintō classics" ( Shinto koten or simply shinten ). There e... |
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| 16 |
§Life-cycle Rituals and Occupational Rituals |
Generally, Japanese matsuri can be divided into events that are repeated in yearly cycles, and rites of passage that take place when an individual experiences transitions in rank, status, or space. Such life-cycle rituals as hatsumiyamōde and shichigosan are counted among "... |
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| 17 |
§Modern and Contemporary Systems and Institutions: An Overview |
The Restoration government used the so-called Shinbutsu hanzen rei of 1868 to articulate its policy of separating Buddhism and Shintō, and thus end the practice of Shintō and Buddhist amalgamation ( shinbutsu shūgō ). In 1871, the government then issued legislation defining shri... |
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| 18 |
§Shamei Bunpu (Shrine Names and Distributions) |
Certain shrines are worshipped throughout the country while others are distributed exclusively in certain regions. Okada Yoneo's 1976 quantitative analysis of well-known shrines and their bunsha (emanation or branch shrines) in Zenkoku chomei jinja annaiki clearly indi... |
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| 19 |
Ō imi no matsuri |
A festival of the ancient and medieval eras conducted at the Hirose Shrine by a court-dispatched ritualist in order to celebrate the enshrined deities along with the various "mountain-entrance kami " ( yamaguchi-gami ) of Yamato's six districts. Performed twice annua... |
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| 20 |
Ōbarainokotoba goshaku |
(Motoori Norinaga) Later Commentary of the Ōharae [Great Purification] Incantations . Written by Motoori Norinaga. Two fascicles in two volumes. Revised manuscript completed in the fifteenth of the seventh lunar month, 1795; published 1796. This work is a "later commenta... |
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