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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Shintoku |
The sublime virtue that comes from the actions of kami . As it says in the opening phrase of Goseibai shikimoku (1232): "The sublimity of kami is enhanced by the people's reverence." It is due to people's belief and worship that the benefits from the kami can be called forth. ... |
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| 2 |
Shirasu |
A verb meaning "to possess, to rule and to govern." Shirasu is a compound of the verb shiru, to govern, with the honorific verbal suffix su . There are numerous examples of its use as shirashimesu and shiroshimesu , meaning "to rule, to govern." There are many exa... |
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| 3 |
Shurikosei |
An expression in Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) from the divine edict ( shinchoku ) proclaimed by the heavenly kami ( amatsukami ) to the two kami Izanagi and Izanami to create the islands of Japan: "Form and rule this floating, inchoate country." This expression is v... |
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| 4 |
Sojin |
Progenitor kami of a clan. Here a kami is not viewed as a transcendental being but rather is a concept within the genealogical relations of living people. A synonym of sojin is oyagami (parental deity), where oya does not necessarily refer to a progenitor but rather has a more general, ... |
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| 5 |
Sonnōshisō |
The idea of sonnō signified reverence for the ruling monarchy of a state or realm. In ancient China, Confucius (551-479 BC) venerated the then-defunct court of Zhou. He called for the orderly unification of the divided realm and state under the authority of this dynasty. A process wh... |
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| 6 |
Sorei |
Ancestral spirits. The term is used frequently to refer to a soul that no longer possesses individual characteristics. As Yanagita Kunio has shown, for a certain period of time (thirty-three years in many cases) after death a soul receives memorial services and is called a shiryō (s... |
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| 7 |
Takama no hara |
Also pronounced as Takamagahara. It refers to the vast realm in the high heaven. It is the residence of kami presided over by Amaterasu. It constitutes one plain of a tripartite vertical "view of the cosmos" ( sekaikan ) in Shinto. Takama no hara is the upper world ( uwatsuku... |
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| 8 |
Tama |
A general term for spirit or soul in ancient times. In addition to human spirit, it also refers to spirit or spiritual force in nature. A human soul is considered a spiritual entity that comes from outside and dwells in the body, endowing the individual with energy and personality. The ... |
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| 9 |
Tamashizume, Tamafuri |
Tamashizume , or mitamashizume , means to pacify the spirit and settle it in the center of the body. Tamafuri , or mitamafuri , means to reinvigorate the withered soul by shaking a ritual object or, alternatively, the human body itself. It can also express the idea of "beckoning a ... |
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| 10 |
Tatari |
Originally a condition wherein a spirit caused a calamitous condition, or an evil effect or a supernatural force that worked within that condition to punish human beings for their transgressions, malice, or neglect of religious duties. Later, when goryō shinkō ("belief in m... |
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| 11 |
Tenjō mukyū |
This phrase means "everlasting like heaven and earth." It comes from part one, section one of the "Descent of the Heavenly Grandchild" ( tenson kōrin ) chapter in Nihongi . There, Amaterasu gives the following command to her grandchild, Ninigi. "This la... |
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| 12 |
Tenson kōrin |
Tenson kōrin refers to the mythic episode in which Amaterasu's grandchild, Ninigi, descended from Takama no hara to Takachiho Peak in Hyūga. The story is primarily recorded in Kiki ( Kojiki and Nihon shoki ), Fudoki , and Sendai kuji hongi , among other texts, although variants are nu... |
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| 13 |
The Unity of Shintō, Confucianism and Bhuddism |
The notion of shinjubutsu itchi held that Shinto, Confucianism and Buddhism are ultimately identical. Ideas of the one-ness of Shinto, Confucianism and Buddhism saw their greatest expansion during the medieval period and into the early modern period, and it is thought that there ... |
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| 14 |
Theological Research |
The theological approach to Shintō research is claimed by some to be essentially Shintō apologetics, or studies in defense of Shintō beliefs. However, Shintō theology in fact has two aspects. On the one hand it is the public justification of one's private faith in Shintō, and on the o... |
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| 15 |
Toga |
An error. A synonym of tsumi . Toga may be written in Chinese characters as 咎、科、過 and so on. The term appears in the liturgical address ( norito ) for Ōtonohogai (Palace Safety Liturgy) in Engishiki : "If there are errors and offences ( toga ayamachi ), let us correct them." Ni... |
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| 16 |
Tohokamiemitame |
This term is usually written using the Chinese characters 吐普加美依身多女(or 米 ). This expression consists of five signs that are inscribed on a deer bone or turtle shell during "turtle shell divination" ( kiboku ), a practice that goes back to ancient times. The phrase is also us... |
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| 17 |
Tokoyo |
A term denoting the "other world" (see View of the other world ) in folk religion and in Shinto. The locus of Tokoyo can vary: in a foreign land, under the sea, in heaven, under the ground, or in a place beyond the ocean. Various kami and spirits of ancestors are believed to live ... |
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| 18 |
Toyoashiharanomizuhonokuni |
An alternative name for the country of Nihon (Japan). It is a short form of "Toyoashihara no chiaki no nagaihoaki no mizuho no kuni" ( Kojiki ) or "Toyoashihara no chiihoaki no mizuho no kuni" ( Nihongi ), both of which mean "the land of luxuriant reed plains ... |
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| 19 |
Tsumi |
An action that violates social norms and order. Tsumi also connotes certain taboo naturally occurring hazards that are considered dangerous or impure. These consist of the heavenly sins and earthly sins" ( amatsutsumi , kunitsutsumi ) listed in Kojiki and Nihongi and in the L... |
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| 20 |
Ukehi |
Trial by pledge. Generally indicates the act of divination, determining the divine will regarding the positive or negative, auspicious or inauspicious nature, or the success or failure of an act. Ukehi points to uttering certain magical words to achieve a specific outcome, then d... |
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