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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Jingiryō |
The Laws on Deities of the Taihō and Yōrō codes. No copy of the Taihō Code of 702 has survived, but in the reconstructed Yōrō Code (promulgated in 757), the twenty-article Jingiryō comprises Chapter Six.. Jingiryō established the basis of official ritual laws for the ritsuryō state. ... |
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| 2 |
Jingū Kenshūsho |
A training institute for priests ( shinshoku yōsei kikan ) run by the Grand Shrines of Ise and approved by the Jinja Honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines). The precursor was the regular training course for priests ( futsū shinshoku yōsei ) founded in 1952, known as the Ise Shinmu Jiss... |
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| 3 |
Jingū tensō |
A court post that handles miscellaneous matters involving the Grand Shrines of Ise ( Ise jingū ), including ritual procedures, public ceremonies, and lawsuits. From the Heian period on, agencies were established within the Grand Council of State to process specific administrati... |
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| 4 |
Jingūji |
Jingūji (shrine temples), also called jinganji or jingoji , were Buddhist temples associated with Shinto shrines. Jingūji were built according to the notion of the "amalgamation of Shintō and Buddhism" ( shinbutsu shūgō ). The first recorded instance of a jingūji is fo... |
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| 5 |
Jinja Honchō |
The Association of Shinto Shrines, an umbrella organization that incorporates the vast majority of shrines in Japan. From the Meiji era (1868-1912), shrines were placed under the supervision of government bodies as "sites for the performance of state ritual." In 1946... |
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| 6 |
Jinja gōshi |
In its broadest sense, the term refers to the process of "merging" whereby multiple shrines become one. More specifically, the term refers to the shrine merger policies carried out by central and local government between the end of the Meiji and the start of the Taisho era... |
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| 7 |
Jinjakyoku |
Bureau of Shrines. A bureau set up within the Home Ministry in 1900, it endured until 1940. It was created as part of the institutional reforms of April 26, 1900, when the Home ministry's Bureau for Shrines and Temples (Shajikyoku) fragmented into a Bureau of Shrines (Jinja Kyoku) and ... |
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| 8 |
Jinjashishoku |
A comprehensive term for shrine ritualists of the ancient period. At the top was the kannushi (here meaning the head of a shrine as opposed to the general meaning of a primary ritualist), or a gūji (chief priest), and below that were ranks and positions down to jinin (a lower-ranking as... |
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| 9 |
Jōchi rei |
An edict issued by the Council of State (Dajōkan) in the first month of 1871, confiscating all shrine and temple lands except for the keidaichi . When the daimyō (local feudal lords) returned their domains and the people living in them to the emperor in 1869, the Meiji government began ... |
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| 10 |
Kanbe |
An allotment of households made to shrines under the Ritsuryō system, a system of legal and administrative codes of the early Japanese state during the seventh and eighth centuries. These households were responsible for paying all taxes to the shrine ( so [tax on agricultural produ... |
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| 11 |
Kanbe |
Also read as kantomo and kantomono'o , refers to people involved in rites for the kami . Under the Ritsuryō system, kanbe were low-level appointees to the Jingikan and participated in ritual and miscellaneous tasks. There were thirty such kanbe , according to the " Shokuin ryō &... |
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| 12 |
Kannushi |
In present usage, kannushi is a general term for shrine priests ( shinshoku ). Since ancient times this term has been applied to those who ritually serve kami . It is stated in Nihon shoki that Empress Jingū chose an auspicious day, entered the Iwainomiya and became a kannushi herself. ... |
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| 13 |
Kansha |
Official shrines acknowledged by the government in the classical period. The word kansha usually refers to the shrines that received offerings at the annual spring Ki'nensai, which was coordinated by the Jingikan (Department of Divinities). These shrines were part of the offici... |
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| 14 |
Keidaichi |
Land on which a shrine located. The term shrine encompasses in this case the immediate shrine buildings as well as other constructions and edifices located on its grounds. Furthermore, shrines require land and space to maintain the shrine's dignity and places to perform rites and f... |
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| 15 |
Kengyō |
One who has general responsibility for the management of a shrine or temple, derived from a Chinese term meaning "to investigate and consider." The term seems to have been in use from the beginning of the Tang period in China as a word for the duties of a certain type of Buddhi... |
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| 16 |
Kinokuninomiyatsuko |
The kuni no miyatsuko (a provincial governor with ritual responsibilities) of the ancient Kii Province. As an administrator of ritual, this office endured for a long time after its introduction. The term occurs in both Kojiki and Nihon shoki , written with different characters, bu... |
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| 17 |
Kokugakuin University |
A Shinto university established as part of the Meiji trend that bewailed the sudden inclination toward, and uncritical veneration of Western culture and sought to reaffirm Japan's traditional culture. Its founding principle was "Establishing the origin" ( moto wo ta... |
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| 18 |
Kokushi genzaisha |
The shrines whose names appear in the Six Official Histories ( ritsukokushi ), namely Nihon shoki , Shoku nihongi , Nihon kōki , Shoku nihon kōki , Montoku jitsuroku , and Sandai jitsuroku , are the kokushi genzaisha . Such shrines are also called kokushi shozaisha , "shrines tha... |
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| 19 |
Kokuyū keidaichi haraisage |
A procedure adopted to deal with problems surrounding shrine lands ( keidaichi ) arising from the differing situation of shrines before and after World War II. Following the 1871 Shajiryō jōchi rei (Ordinance regarding the Return of Shrine and Temple Lands), most shrines' keidaic... |
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| 20 |
Kunaichō |
(Imperial Household Agency) A bureaucratic agency established in 1949 as an external agency under the aegis of the Prime Minister's cabinet. The Agency, as stipulated by Article 7 of the Japanese Constitution, is responsible for Imperial Household affairs dealing with fore... |
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