Encyclopedia of Shinto

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1 Jingihōten This is a collection of research into the various shrines recorded in Engishiki ( shikinaisha ) in nine volumes with one appended set of charts. Tokugawa Yoshinao, the founder of the Owari Clan, compiled this work in 1646. Arranged in order of the deities' names, it investigates and e...
2 Jingiin The Jingiin (Institute of Divinities) was an organ for the administration of shrine affairs attached to the Home Ministry; it was created according to Imperial Rescript 736 on November 9, 1940. The director of the Institute was the Home Minister who oversaw an assistant director an...
3 Jingikandai The "Agency of the Department of Divinities" ( Jingikandai ) emerged to carry out a portion of the functions and powers of the archaic Department of Divinities ( Jingikan ), after these functions underwent a process of reduction and deterioration. Particularly from 160...
4 Jingikun (Kaibara Ekiken) This work is comprised of one volume. It expounds upon the origins and characteristics of ancient Shinto in a didactic approach which explanations the basis for and the method of the worship of the heavenly and earthly deities, as well as the relation of the deities t...
5 Jingiryō The Laws on Deities of the Taihō and Yōrō codes. No copy of the Taihō Code of 702 has survived, but in the reconstructed Yōrō Code (promulgated in 757), the twenty-article Jingiryō comprises Chapter Six.. Jingiryō established the basis of official ritual laws for the ritsuryō state. ...
6 Jingishōgōkō (Oyamada Tomokiyo) This is a work in four volumes, written by Oyamada Tomokiyo (1783—1847), however, the date of composition remains unclear. It arranges various items dealing with the heavenly and earthly deities according to categories such as kami who appear in human form ( ara...
7 Jingū Kenshūsho A training institute for priests ( shinshoku yōsei kikan ) run by the Grand Shrines of Ise and approved by the Jinja Honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines). The precursor was the regular training course for priests ( futsū shinshoku yōsei ) founded in 1952, known as the Ise Shinmu Jiss...
8 Jingū taima Shrine amulets distributed throughout Japan by the Grand Shrines of Ise on an annual basis. The work of the priests called oshi in spreading the cult of the Grand Shrines nationwide began from the end of the Heian period and continued through the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, reach...
9 Jingū tensō A court post that handles miscellaneous matters involving the Grand Shrines of Ise ( Ise jingū ), including ritual procedures, public ceremonies, and lawsuits. From the Heian period on, agencies were established within the Grand Council of State to process specific administrati...
10 Jingūji Jingūji (shrine temples), also called jinganji or jingoji , were Buddhist temples associated with Shinto shrines. Jingūji were built according to the notion of the "amalgamation of Shintō and Buddhism" ( shinbutsu shūgō ). The first recorded instance of a jingūji is fo...
11 Jingūkyō A Shinto organization established in the Meiji era. While not being included as one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, it possessed the characteristics of sect Shinto ( kyōha Shintō ) until the mid-Meiji period. Organized by Urata Nagatami and others, it had as its first Superin...
12 Jingūreki A calendar ( koyomi or reki ) published by the Grand Shrines of Ise. Prior to World War II, it was called the honreki ("official calendar") and was issued by the Grand Shrines Administration (Jingū Shichō) as the only official calendar. In 1946, however, the distribution o...
13 Jingūtenryaku (Sonoda Moriyoshi) This is the work of Sonoda Moriyoshi, a negi (Suppliant Priest) at Kōtai Jingū. It covers a broad area of items relating to the origins of the Ise Shrines, ceremonies, and so forth, and contains detailed research through examinations based on extensive material a...
14 Jingūzōreishū This is a work that contains records of the deities enshrined at Ise Jingū, the offerings to the deities for morning and evening, Mii Shrine ( Mii no yashiro ), divine seals (jinbō), the four quarters, the august pillar of the heart ( shin no mihashira ), offertory platters ( ame no hirak...
15 Jinin After the end of the ancient period, and mainly in the case of medieval shrines, this term referred to a member of the kannushi 's or gūji (chief priest)'s shrine workers. This was the name for the attendants or low level shrine priests responsible for religious or administrative duti...
16 Jinja Honchō The Association of Shinto Shrines, an umbrella organization that incorporates the vast majority of shrines in Japan. From the Meiji era (1868-1912), shrines were placed under the supervision of government bodies as "sites for the performance of state ritual." In 1946...
17 Jinja gōshi In its broadest sense, the term refers to the process of "merging" whereby multiple shrines become one. More specifically, the term refers to the shrine merger policies carried out by central and local government between the end of the Meiji and the start of the Taisho era...
18 Jinja kakuroku (Suzuka Tsuratane) This is a work that includes investigative research into the shrines listed in Engishiki ( shikinaisha ) in addition to well-known shrines not on the list. It is the work of Suzuka Tsuratane in seventy-five volumes, completed in 1870. It was published in 1902 (in t...
19 Jinja keimō (Shirai Sōin) This work gives an outline of the important shrines throughout Japan. It consists of seven bound volumes, with a separate volume as an introduction. It was written by Shirai Sōin, and according to the introduction by Sōin, it was finished in 1667. It was published in 167...
20 Jinjaengi This is a type of record dealing with the origins a shrine and of its connection with the deity enshrined at that shrine ( saijin ), and the relation of the festival surrounding that deity as well as supernatural stories related to the shrine and its deity. There are some records that als...