Encyclopedia of Shinto

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1 Aohitokusa This term is used as a noun to refer to people in the world. It is seen for the first time in Kojiki , where it has the same meaning as jinmin, shomin , and tamikusa (all meaning "the people"). Although the term is commonly rendered with the characters 青人草, Nihon shoki uses the ch...
2 Aoto Namie (1857-1929) Shinto priest ( shinshoku ) and Instructor of Shinto Liturgy ( reiten shihan ) in the Meiji and Taisho eras. Born on the eighth day of the tenth month of 1857 in the village of Matsue Watami (present-day Tottori Prefecture) as the fourth son of Aoto Kentei, priest of the shri...
3 Aoyagi Tanenobu (1766-1835) Scholar of National Learning ( kokugaku ) near the end of the early modern period, and samurai retainer of Fukuoka Domain in Chikuzen (present-day Kyushu). Born in Fukuoka, Aoyagi was posted to Edo, where he interacted with prominent kokugaku scholars of the Edo school ...
4 Aoyama Kagemichi (1819-91) National Learning ( kokugaku ) scholar of the Hirata Atsutane school during the late Edo and early Meiji eras. Born in 1819 to the Aoyama family, samurai retainers of the Naegi Domain in Mino Province (present-day Gifu Prefecture). He entered into studies with the Hirata f...
5 Arahitogami Another way of writing this term is 荒人神. This is a kami who appears in this world in human form. The word is also used as a term of respect regarding the emperor. As an example of the former usage, in the Yuryaku ki (in the section of the second month of the fourth year) arahitogami appears in ...
6 Arai Hakuseki (1657-1725) Confucian scholar of the mid-Edo period. His formal name was Kinmi and style names included Zaichū and Zaibi. His common names were Yogorō and Denzō, and his epistolary name was Hakuseki. Born in Edo on the tenth day of the second month of 1657, Arai initially served Tsuch...
7 Arakida Hisaoyu (1746-184) Scholar of National Learning ( kokugaku ) and poet of the mid-Edo period. The second son of Hashimura Masanobu, Arakida used the epistolary name Itsukisono. He was appointed Provisional Suppliant Priest ( gon-negi ) at the Outer Shrine of the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jin...
8 Arakida Moritake (1473-1549) Originator of the style of poetry known as Ise haikai ( haiku ). Member of the priesthood ( shinshoku ) of the Inner Shrine (Naikū) at the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) in the period of Warring Provinces ( sengoku , ca. 1457-1568). Arakida was the ninth son of Suppliant Pri...
9 Arakida Suehogi (1764-1828) Scholar and priest at the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) in the late Edo period. His common name was Genban, later changed to Daigaku ("Great Learning"). Arakida was adopted into the Masuya family, who held the hereditary post of Provisional Suppliant Prie...
10 Arakida Tsunetada (1742-185) Scholar and priest at the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū) in the late Edo period. Born in 1742 to Nakagawa Tsuneyuki in the town of Uji in Ise Province (present-day Mie Prefecture). His common name was Tsunetada, but he later changed it to Bungo. His birth family held the her...
11 Aramitama This is one of the ways of referring to a spirit ( mitama ) by its function or inner workings, placing it in opposition to nigimitama . Aramitama is recognized and understood as the ferocious, rough, or violent manifestation of a spirit ( mitama ). Although the nigimitama is the normal c...
12 Archaeological Research The archeology of Shintō is a field that focuses on sites and relics relating to rituals, as well as other archeological materials that can shed light on ancient beliefs. As a field of study, Shintō archeology was advocated, outlined and defined by Ōba Iwao in 1935. Ōba dedicated hims...
13 Arisugawa no Miya Takahito Shinnō (Prince Arisugawa) (1812-86) Eighth-generation Arisugawa courtier and member of the imperial family of the later Edo and early Meiji periods. Born in the first month of 1812 in Kyoto. First son and heir of Imperial Prince ( shinnō ) Tsunahito (1785-1845). In 1822, Takahito was adopted by Emperor Kōkak...
14 Asami Keisai (1652-1711) Scholar of the Neo-Confucianist Zhu Xi school in the mid-Edo period. Formal name Yasumasa, common name Jūjirō. Born in Takashima District, Ōmi Province (present-day Shiga Prefecture), Asami first worked as a physician before beginning Zhu Xi studies under Yamazaki ...
15 Ashihara no Nakatsukuni This is another word for the country or the location of Japan. Perhaps the term was considered appropriate because the land was damp and covered with reeds ( ashi ) in ancient times. Examples of other words using the term ashi in describing Japan like toyoashihara no nakatsukuni and to...
16 Atago Shinkō This is the cult that originated at the shrine Atago Jinja on the peak of Atago Mountain in Kyōto. Ascetic practitioners have been using the mountain since ancient times. During the Heian Period Atago was counted among the "seven high mountains" ( shichi kōsan ) of the Kink...
17 Atobe Yoshiakira (1658-1729) A practitioner of Suika Shintō. Born on the twelfth day of the second month of 1658 with the lineage name of Minamoto (Genji), Atobe's common name was Kūnai and his formal name was initially Ryōken, but it was later changed to Yoshiakira. He also had the epistolary name Jūj...
18 Atsuta Shinkō The cult of the shrine Atsuta Jingū and its approximately 2000 "emanation shrines" ( bunsha ) spread widely throughout the country, but worshippers are especially numerous in the Tōkai region. The tradition that the Kusanagi sacred sword, one of the "the three sac...
19 Atsuta Shrine College A training college for Shintō priests run by Atsuta Shrine (Atsuta Jingū), under authorization from the Association of Shintō Shrines (Jinja honchō). The college, when founded in 1950, was originally known as Atsuta jingū futsū shinshoku yōsei sho (Atsuta Shrine Regular Trainin...
20 Awanagi, Awanami [Awanagi no kami][Awanami no kami] (Kojiki) Other names: Awanagi no mikoto( Nihongi ) According to Kojiki , two deities born as a result of a division of rule over rivers and seas by the two kami of the sea-straits, Hayaakitsuhiko and Hayahakitsuhime. Some interpretations vary by id...