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Title |
Text |
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| 1 |
Shrines Confronting Urbanization |
Shinto took its shape in response to the boons and banes of an agricultural society. As expressed in the Spring Festival( kinensai ) and the Eleventh-month Harvest Festival ( Niinamesai ), rites for abundant future harvests and prayers of thanksgiving for present harvest have form... |
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| 2 |
Shrines and Hawaiians of Japanese descent |
The relationship between Hawaii and shrines may not be obvious at first, but considering that Hawaii began to admit Japanese immigrants in 1868, it should not be surprising that shrines exist there even today. Compared to the pre-war era, the number of shrines in countries other tha... |
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| 3 |
Shubatsu |
To undergo purification. Shubatsu is a ceremony conducted immediately prior to rituals in order to purify participants, food offerings, and tamagushi of sins and defilement. Although some shrines still follow ancient practices when conducting the ceremony, the majority follo... |
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| 4 |
Shugendō |
Shugendō is a religion that espouses a variety of salvific activities based on the attainment by its practitioners, called shugen , of supranormal, magico-religious power through ascetic training in the mountains. It gradually took form between the twelfth and fourteenth centu... |
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| 5 |
Shuinchi, Kokuinchi |
In principle, shuinchi refers to land granted to shrines (and temples) by the shogun and sealed with a vermilion seal, while kokuinchi refers to land granted under a black seal by a daimyō (local feudal lord). In both cases, the shrine has full administrative rights over the donated l... |
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| 6 |
Shuku-sai-jitsu |
This term refers to the holidays ( shukujitsu ) and days of observances ( saijitsu ) fixed by the Japanese state. In the prewar period, there were both shukujitsu and saijitsu , but in the postwar period only the term shukujitsu continued to be used. To the three major national holidays... |
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| 7 |
Shurikosei |
An expression in Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) from the divine edict ( shinchoku ) proclaimed by the heavenly kami ( amatsukami ) to the two kami Izanagi and Izanami to create the islands of Japan: "Form and rule this floating, inchoate country." This expression is v... |
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| 8 |
Shushin |
The principal or central kami among all those dedicated at a shrine (see saijin ). Also called shusaijin , the term shushin is used to discriminate the main enshrined kami from other kami that may also be jointly enshrined (see haishi ). A shrine may, however, have more than one shushin ... |
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| 9 |
Shōgatsu |
These are the various events in the first month of the year held to greet the new year. Besides the usual hatsumōde , this extremely varied roster includes imperial rites such as the shihōhai and the saitansai , community rituals, and family rituals like the nenga (New Year's Card... |
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| 10 |
Shōkonsha |
[Shōkon sha] "Spirit-inviting-shrine." Prior to World War II, this term referred to shrines established for the purpose of appeasing the spirits of loyalist soldiers who died in the battles of the Meiji Restoration, and thus served as the earlier incarnation of shrine... |
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| 11 |
Shōreisai |
"Annual festival of pines." A festival held from December 31 to January 1 at Dewasanzan Shrine in Haguro Township, Higashitagawa District, Yamagata Prefecture. It is also known as the toshiya matsuri ("evening festival of the years"). Dewasanzan ("D... |
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| 12 |
Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Tazawa Seishirō (1884-1966), and based on his personal experience of dedicating a shrine to a "mountain kami" ( yama no kami ) in 1919, witnessing extraordinary astronomical phenomena, and hearing divine voices. During the rel... |
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| 13 |
Shōsai |
One category of shrine rites, grouping together rites conducted on a small scale. Before 1945 these were specified under government regulations, and thereafter by the Association of Shinto Shrines ( Jinja honchō ) in its "Regulations of Shrine Observances." The text o... |
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| 14 |
Shōten |
Official responsible for imperial rituals performed at the kyūchū sanden . The post, which featured three positions of descending rank, was founded in 1871 as part of the Jingishō. Later, it was moved to the Shikiburyō and then became part of the Kunaishō's Shikibushoku. With the po... |
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| 15 |
Shōzui |
Shōzui , also called zuishō , is an "auspicious omen." Throughout the world in both past and present, people have shared the belief that the appearance of a rare natural phenomenon—such as an animal, plant, meteorological event, or astronomical event—is an omen indicat... |
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| 16 |
Shūkyō Hōjin Shikō Gakuen |
A new religious movement strongly influenced by Shinto. Founded by Kawakami Seizan (1908-51), who was born in Tokunoshima in the Ōshima district of Kagoshima Prefecture. Kawakami became a police chief in Hyogo Prefecture, but resigned due to ill-health. During World War II, Kawa... |
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| 17 |
Shūyōdan Hōseikai |
A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Idei Seitarō (1899-1983). Idei was born the third son of a poor farmer in Ibaraki Prefecture. After going to Tokyo in 1915, he became acquainted with Uesaka Inosuke, a Tenrikyō preacher and co-worker at the post office where he was employed, a... |
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| 18 |
Sojin |
Progenitor kami of a clan. Here a kami is not viewed as a transcendental being but rather is a concept within the genealogical relations of living people. A synonym of sojin is oyagami (parental deity), where oya does not necessarily refer to a progenitor but rather has a more general, ... |
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| 19 |
Sokui |
Enthronement ceremony. One of several ceremonies accompanying a new emperor's accession to the throne. Originally the characters for "sokui " were read " ama-tsu-hi-tsugi shiroshimesu ," and referred to the same rite as " senso ". However, duri... |
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| 20 |
Sonnōshisō |
The idea of sonnō signified reverence for the ruling monarchy of a state or realm. In ancient China, Confucius (551-479 BC) venerated the then-defunct court of Zhou. He called for the orderly unification of the divided realm and state under the authority of this dynasty. A process wh... |
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