Encyclopedia of Shinto

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1 Shinto and Christianity Historically, Christianity can be broadly classified into Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant traditions. Roman Catholicism was introduced to Japan during the mid-sixteenth century. In the beginning it was referred to by such names as the Nanbanshū ("sect of the sout...
2 Shinto and Confucianism — Early Interaction between Kami Cults and Confucianism — It is very difficult to clearly determine the earliest contacts between Shintō and Confucianism, but a reference can already be found in Nihon shoki 's chronicle of Emperor Kōtoku's reign (r. 645-654) in which the emperor is ...
3 Shinto and Literature Shintō and literature. There are many ways that Shintō and literature intersect, but among this confluence, the influence of legends in the records of the shrines ( engi setsuwa ) is considerable. There are an abundant number of medieval legends influenced by kenmitsu bukkyō (exot...
4 Shinto and Onmyōdō While being based on the Chinese theory of yinyang-wuxing (Yin-Yang and the "five phases of matter"), Onmyōdō was a unique Japanese adaptation that established itself around the tenth century.  Under the ritsuryō system of state civil and penal codes of classical time...
5 Shinto and Shugendō Shugendō is one of Japan's folk religions, based on primitive mountain worship and formed under the influence of Buddhism, Daoism, Onmyōdō, and other religions. The name shugen is derived from the term genriki , which refers to special powers acquired as the result of religious pra...
6 Shinto taii (Yoshida Kanemi) This is another one-volume work of the Yoshida Shintō collection. With each new generation in the Yoshida family, the family head would compile a work with this title, and this text belongs to this group. The author is Yoshida Kanemi (1535-1610), who is a great grand...
7 Shintoku The sublime virtue that comes from the actions of kami . As it says in the opening phrase of Goseibai shikimoku (1232): "The sublimity of kami is enhanced by the people's reverence." It is due to people's belief and worship that the benefits from the kami can be called forth. ...
8 Shintō Jimukyoku The Shintō institute for proselytization and doctrinal research comprised of kyōdōshoku (preceptors — Shinto priests recruited to the taikyō senpu , or Great Promulgation Campaign) and established in March 1875 in the Yūrakuchō district of Tokyo. In 1872, the Meiji government c...
9 Shintō Misogikyō A Shinto-derived new religion that emerged from Misogikyō and was organized by Sakata Yasuhiro (1962-). In 1974, during the time of Misogikyōs fifth superintendent ( kanchō ) Sakata Yasuyoshi, the Inoue Shrine in Tokyo (dedicated to Misogikyō founder Inoue Masakane) was destroy...
10 Shintō Shinkyō A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Unigame Ito (1876-1976). Born in Kanzaki district of Hyogo Prefecture, Unigame was devoted from an early age to venerating the kami . Since the family into which she married was affiliated with the Buddhist True Pure Land sect (Jōdō Shinshū)...
11 Shintō Shinshinkyō A Shinto-derived new religion founded by Adachi Taijūrō (1841-1895). Adachi was born in Hikami district in what is now Hyogo Prefecture. For a time he was a member of Kurozmikyō, but he received a divine revelation after nine years of engaging in his own unique form of practice, and al...
12 Shintō Shirei (The Shinto Directive) A directive issued to the Japanese government by GHQ on December 15, 1945, the full title of which was "Regarding the abolition of government protection, support, supervision and proliferation of State Shintō or Shrine Shintō." It was informed by the Potsdam Declarati...
13 Shintō Shūseiha One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. A movement typical of sectarian Shinto ( kyōha Shintō ), Shintō Shūseiha was founded by Nitta Kuniteru (1829-1902). Nitta was born into a warrior family in Awa (present-day Tokushima Prefecture) in Shikoku, and was active in the nationali...
14 Shintō Taikyō One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto ( Shintō jūsanpa ). Government administrative circumstances played a great role in the coming into existence of this religious organization. Before 1940, it went under the name Shintō Honkyoku (its formal name was simply "Shintō&qu...
15 Shintō Taiseikyō One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō and a typical representative of what is known as sectarian Shintō ( kyōha Shintō ). Founded by Hirayama Seisai (1815-1890). Born in Miharu in Mutsu Province (present-day Fukushima Prefecture), Hirayama was the son of a kendō (fencing) teac...
16 Shintō ameno nuboko no ki (Izawa Banryū) A work in two volumes by Izawa Banryū, published in 1720. Banryū (1688-1730) was a samurai from the Higo Kumamoto Clan, and was a popular Shintoist during the middle years of the Edo period. His name was Nagahide, but he went by the alias Banryū. He studied Suika Shintō in ...
17 Shintō denju (Hayashi Razan) This is also known as Shintō denju shō . This is a work by the Confucian scholar of the early Edo period, Hayashi Razan, which expounds the secret doctrines of Shinto. It contains a wide variety of doctrine from the various groups of Shinto, based mostly on Yoshida Shint...
18 Shintō gobusho This is the basic texts of medieval Ise Shintō (Watarai Shintō). This is the general title given the five works: Amaterashimasu Ise nisho kōtai jingū gochinza shidaiki (or Gochinza shidaiki ), Ise nisho kōtaijin gochinza denki (or Gochinza denki ), Toyouke kōtaijin gochinza hongi ...
19 Shintō kan'yō #N/A
20 Shintō myōmoku ruijūshō (Hikita Mochimasa) A work in six books and six volumes. It is a work that categorizes the terminology of all aspects of the deities of heaven and earth, and then expounds upon these terms; it could even be classified as a dictionary of Shinto. It contains a preface dated the sixth month o...