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Title |
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| 1 |
Atsuta Shrine College |
A training college for Shintō priests run by Atsuta Shrine (Atsuta Jingū), under authorization from the Association of Shintō Shrines (Jinja honchō). The college, when founded in 1950, was originally known as Atsuta jingū futsū shinshoku yōsei sho (Atsuta Shrine Regular Trainin... |
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| 2 |
Dewa Sanzan Priest Training Institute |
(Dewa Sanzan Jinja Shinshoku Yōseisho) A Jinja Honchō-approved training institute for shrine priests managed by Dewa Sanzan Jinja. It was established in 1962 as a B-rank institution offering a one-year course for trainees ( gonseikai katei ), but in 1980 it launched a two-year pro... |
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| 3 |
Fukensha |
A pre-war shrine rank comprised of prefectural shrines ( kensha ) and municipal district shrines ( fusha ). In the modern shrine ranking system established in 1871, shrines were divided into kansha (state shrines) and shosha (general shrines). Shrines in the fukensha category occ... |
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| 4 |
Gōsha |
Rural District Shrines. A shrine rank instituted in the modern shrine ranking system. The modern shrine ranking system was divided into the two general categories of kansha (state shrines) and shosha (assorted shrines). Gōsha were included in the latter category below the munici... |
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| 5 |
Imperial Restoration |
(Ōsei fukko) The overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the installation of a system of direct rule by the emperor. The inspiration for an imperial restoration and the movement toward direct imperial rule spread among activists following the signing of the trade treaties with som... |
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| 6 |
Jingiin |
The Jingiin (Institute of Divinities) was an organ for the administration of shrine affairs attached to the Home Ministry; it was created according to Imperial Rescript 736 on November 9, 1940. The director of the Institute was the Home Minister who oversaw an assistant director an... |
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| 7 |
Jingū Kenshūsho |
A training institute for priests ( shinshoku yōsei kikan ) run by the Grand Shrines of Ise and approved by the Jinja Honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines). The precursor was the regular training course for priests ( futsū shinshoku yōsei ) founded in 1952, known as the Ise Shinmu Jiss... |
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| 8 |
Jinja Honchō |
The Association of Shinto Shrines, an umbrella organization that incorporates the vast majority of shrines in Japan. From the Meiji era (1868-1912), shrines were placed under the supervision of government bodies as "sites for the performance of state ritual." In 1946... |
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| 9 |
Jinja gōshi |
In its broadest sense, the term refers to the process of "merging" whereby multiple shrines become one. More specifically, the term refers to the shrine merger policies carried out by central and local government between the end of the Meiji and the start of the Taisho era... |
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| 10 |
Jinjakyoku |
Bureau of Shrines. A bureau set up within the Home Ministry in 1900, it endured until 1940. It was created as part of the institutional reforms of April 26, 1900, when the Home ministry's Bureau for Shrines and Temples (Shajikyoku) fragmented into a Bureau of Shrines (Jinja Kyoku) and ... |
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| 11 |
Kokugakuin University |
A Shinto university established as part of the Meiji trend that bewailed the sudden inclination toward, and uncritical veneration of Western culture and sought to reaffirm Japan's traditional culture. Its founding principle was "Establishing the origin" ( moto wo ta... |
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| 12 |
Kyoto Kokugakuin |
A normal training institute for Shinto priests (see also Shrine Priest Training Institutes) authorized by the Jinja honchō (Association of Shintō Shrines) and operated by the Kyōto koten kōkyūsho Kyōto Kokugakuin, a registered educational charity. This is the oldest of the norm... |
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| 13 |
Kōgakkan University |
A Shinto university established in response to the destruction of antiquities in the midst of the civilization and enlightenment ( bunmei kaika ) movement of the Meiji period. Its founding principle was the exposition of an ethics and a learning rooted in Japanese history, the prom... |
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| 14 |
Modern shrine ranking system |
A system introduced by the Meiji government to rank shrines. After its founding, the Restoration government sought to gain control of all shrines in the land and to that end quickly instituted a shrine survey. On the fourteenth day of the fifth month in 1871 the Dajōkan (Council of Sta... |
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| 15 |
Mukakusha |
Unranked shrines. This is a category in the Meiji shrine ranking system of shrines entirely without rank. They do not even possess the rank of sonsha (village shrines). Among all shrines, these had the absolute lowest status. Shrines of this sort were also referred to as zassha , or &q... |
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| 16 |
Problems of religion and government |
In Article Twenty-eight of the Meiji Constitution, religious freedom was recognized after a fashion, but the argument was that shrines were not religious institutions and shrines therefore held a special position. It was because of this that GHQ issued the Shinto Directive ( Shin... |
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| 17 |
Religious Corporations Law |
(Shūkyō hōjin hō) The Religious Corporations Law was enacted on April 3 1951; it followed the Religious Organizations Law (Shūkyō Dantaihō) of 1939 and the Religious Corporations Ordinance (Shūkyō Hōjinrei) of 1945. The law was enacted with the purpose of giving corporate status ... |
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| 18 |
Religious Corporations Ordinance |
(Shūkyō hōjin rei) An ordinance issued and implemented on December 28 1945 by means of Imperial Rescript 719; it set out rules relating to the creation and registration of religious corporations. It comprised eighteen articles and an appendix and was more simplified in content tha... |
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| 19 |
Religious Organizations Law |
(Shūkyōdantaihō) The first systematized set of laws pertaining to religious groups. Promulgated on April 8 1939 as Law no.77, it was enacted on April 1 of the following year. The law comprised thirty seven articles, and together they spelt the end of state supervision and state cont... |
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| 20 |
Shajikyoku (Bureau for Shrines and Temples) |
A bureau within the Home Ministry between 1877 and 1900. October 11, 1877 saw the abolition of the Ministry of Religious Education (Kyōbushō), which until then had overseen the administration of Shinto and Buddhism. On the nineteenth day of that month, the new Bureau for Shrines and ... |
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